Eksistensi dan Perkembangan Tarekat Wahidiyah

The Existence and Development of the Wahidiyah Order

Abstract

The resurgence of spiritual orientation amid modern humanity's existential crisis has sparked a significant revival of Sufi orders, including the understudied ghairu mu’tabarah tariqa such as Wahidiyah. This study aims to describe the development, main teachings, characteristics, and motivating factors for joining the Wahidiyah Tariqa at the As Sa'adah Islamic Boarding School in Jember. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, then analyzed inductively and continuously. The findings reveal that the tariqa's development passed through three phases: growth (1981), consolidation (1986), and expansion (1989). Its core teaching is returning to the path of Allah (Fafirru ilallah) through dhikr in the form of shalawat, always using the Prophet Muhammad as a wasilah (intermediary). The primary factor for joining is the perceived effectiveness of the dhikr in bringing peace to the heart. In conclusion, the Wahidiyah Tariqa is characterized by its unique practice of wasilah and mujahadah, and it is recommended for further development as a counterbalance to hedonistic and materialistic lifestyles.

Maraknya arus balik spiritual di tengah krisis eksistensial manusia modern telah memicu kebangkitan tarekat sufi, termasuk tarekat ghairu mu’tabarah seperti Wahidiyah yang belum banyak terpublikasi secara akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perkembangan, ajaran pokok, karakteristik, serta faktor yang melatarbelakangi seseorang mengikuti Tarekat Wahidiyah di Pondok Pesantren As Sa’adah, Jember. Dengan menggunakan desain kualitatif model studi kasus, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara induktif dan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan tarekat ini melalui tiga fase: pertumbuhan (1981), konsolidasi (1986), dan pengembangan (1989). Ajaran pokoknya adalah kembali ke jalan Allah (Fafirru ilallah) melalui dzikir shalawat dengan menjadikan Rasulullah sebagai wasilah. Faktor utama seseorang bergabung adalah kemanfaatan dzikir yang terbukti menentramkan hati. Kesimpulannya, tarekat ini memiliki karakteristik unik dalam praktik wasilah dan mujahadah, serta direkomendasikan untuk terus dikembangkan sebagai penyeimbang gaya hidup hedonistik dan materialistik.